Sir Francis Walsingham
John de Critz
ca. 1589
Sir Francis Walsingham was Queen Elizabeth’s Principal Secretary for nearly twenty years and ran a network of spies across Europe that was instrumental in exposing Catholic plots against the queen. The painter John de Critz may have been one of his agents in France and certainly carried letters to and from Paris for Walsingham in the 1580s. Although he was de Critz’s foremost patron, this is the only known portrait-type of Walsingham and survives in multiple versions. When it was painted, Walsingham was preoccupied with supporting the Protestant Dutch in their revolt against Catholic Spain, and the threat posed by Mary, the Catholic Queen of Scots, then imprisoned in England and whose downfall he finally engineered in 1586. He is dressed simply in dark clothing, his sober style reflecting his Puritan tastes, unlike the flamboyant style of his aristocratic political ally, the Earl of Leicester, whose portrait is shown nearby.
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven · Image: Yale Center for British Art, Public domain · Text: Yale Center for British Art, CC0